Turbulence and magnetic field play greater roles in structure formation than the force of gravity
...The scenario of formation of structures involves gravitational instabilities in the gas clouds, which cause fragmentation of the clouds, which further fragment into smaller and smaller chunks. However, as I have told earlier, this gravitation based creation theory faces extreme difficulties in explaining the formation of the structures in the universe. First, an unknown matter component, which has not been observed and called dark matter, plays a crucial role in such a theory. Moreover, the universe, as observed, appears to prefer merging of smaller structures into bigger clumps than undergoing fragmentation process. The problem related to the structure formation has brought an immense challenge to the gravitation based creation theory.
As said, the creation of structures arising from pure gravitational instabilities is only a particular scientific view promoted by people, who have extended the success of understanding planetary motions by using gravitation model to the realm of the entire cosmos. The view presented in this book is different from this standard wisdom. I have argued for a universe, which did not start at a point, while heralding in the existence of time. The universe, I have proposed, has no beginning or end, and the time itself needs to be conceived in a totally different manner than what we have got used to. I have related these stories in other places of this book. Here, in this chapter, my purpose is to elucidate how the other forces of nature may have helped in sculpting the structures.
The image shows the turbulence in the molecular clouds in Taurus. The denser knotty regions are lighter in colors. In these knots the stars take their births. The star births trace the arms of the spiral structure. The density evolutions occur in the clouds following the dynamics of turbulence which I have described. The stars form following the evolution of knots in the turbulent medium and not due to gravitational collapse. During the knot formation the dynamics the turbulent kinetic energy, instead of gravity, play a major role.
According to the new theory, the main foundation of structure formation lies in the existence of turbulence. The entire universe could be an embodiment of matter in a turbulent eddy, which self generates structures within itself, by dismantling structures in one place and reassembling those decay products in other places. According to this view the universe is an ever fluctuating arena of death and birth driven mainly by the eddy dynamics. The way the motions fluctuate and the matter migrates throughout the space, and the manner by which these fluctuations and transport bring forth knotty structures, which appear as cosmic objects at different scales, as well as the processes by which the universe bring annihilation to planets, stars, galaxies, clusters, superclusters etc. remain eternally and everywhere the same, independent of the scales at which one may observe the cosmos.
Instead of holding on to the view that all came forth by the magic intervention of the gravitational force out of a state, when physical laws and time did not exist, and where it is meaningless to ask the question “What was before that time”, the new theory promotes the idea that all existed, as it is observed now, for ever. The universe has existed in its turbulent state for ever because it is the most perfect state of order, which lies hidden behind chaos. This is a state, critically balanced between equilibrium and non-equilibrium, which can bring growth and decay into a perfect balance. The balance is maintained by the process of self-regularization, which brings back the outgoing and decaying material as inflowing and life giving matter towards the source from where it once emerged. In the universe all what flows out returns so that the universe may rise again and again from its death and annihilation everywhere.
In this view the universe is
a whirlpool of gas and dust where knotty clumps form and decay as cosmic
structures appearing as superclusters of galaxies, clusters of galaxies,
galaxies, stars and planets, for example as seen at different scales. Though all
forces of nature are present everywhere at all times, the way they participate
in the formations of structures may not be the same at every scales and in all
phases of evolutionary developments of the structures. In the surrounding where
storms and turbulence generate the maximum effects over the gases and dusts, the
gravitational pull of the dusts among themselves may have little role to play.
The gravitational effects will only appear when the dusts have been able to
condense into appreciable sizes which can then compete with the forces generated
by the kinematic forcing of the gas clouds. Therefore, in a world where the eddy
storms supply the main energies to the local scales, where dusts may
precipitate, the gravitation will not play a big role, or a very negligible
role. The storms will tear apart all that the gravitation will try to pull
together.
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